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Kozhevnikova A.M. «Maxim has a long criminal record. He has already been convicted twice…» The antisocial lifestyle of street children in the 1920s: the issue at hand (based on materials from the Black Sea District). Journal of Social Policy, Population Preservation and Reproductivity. 2025; 4(3). Available at: https://spnjournal.ru/PDF/04SPN325.pdf (in Russian).

«Maxim has a long criminal record. He has already been convicted twice…» The antisocial lifestyle of street children in the 1920s: the issue at hand (based on materials from the Black Sea District)

Kozhevnikova Anastasia Mikhailovna
Novorossiysk Historical Museum-Reserve, Novorossiysk, Russia
E-mail: kozhevnikova.sfkrdu@gmail.com
ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9394-1258
RSCI: https://www.elibrary.ru/author_items.asp?authorid=717152

Abstract. The problems of child homelessness and neglect are traditionally among the most serious. Our country, in different periods of its existence, has faced the growth of this socially negative phenomenon. Even now, there are quite a large number of minors classified as street children and street children. The article proposed by the author examines the homelessness that existed in our country in the early years of Soviet rule. From a methodological point of view, it can be considered as a manifestation of an antisocial lifestyle in the context of the scientific views of the Honored Worker of the Higher School of the Russian Federation, Doctor of Law, Professor Viktor Ivanovich Ignatenko. The scientist has devoted more than forty years of his life to working with difficult teenagers, so his theoretical conclusions can serve as a reliable foundation for applied research. The state dealt with this social problem most effectively in the early years of Soviet rule. The author of the article notes that despite attempts by government agencies and public organizations to solve the problem of mass homelessness, including through the employment of street children, the problem of socialization of «street children» was very difficult to solve, since the issue of child homelessness and vagrancy were considered in isolation from the lifestyle of street children. Therefore, getting into the system of orphanages, street children, accustomed to antisocial behavior, returned to the streets. Working in archives, studying the periodical press of the Black Sea region at that time, allows us to identify the most sensitive points of preventive action on juvenile homelessness.

Keywords: homelessness; street children; Soviet power; antisocial lifestyle; juvenile delinquency; children’s rights

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